Lesson 5: Prefix Ka

Ka-- very productive noun prefix

Prefix……..Root……English
Ka…………Anyag….Beauty
Ka…………Dueom….Darkness
Ka…………Itum…….Black

Ro kaanyag ni Ana hay bantog. The beauty of Ana is well known.
Ro katam-is it atis rang gusto. I like the sweetness of atis.
Rang kasakay hay gwapa. My co-passenger is beautiful.
Ro katapusan it nobena hay sa Lunes. The last prayer will be held on Monday.

Look for five adjectives in Aklanon, then add the prefix ka. From these conjucated words, write simple sentences.

Prefix………….Root……….English
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


New Words:

Parts of the Body:

Ueo....head
Mata---eyes
Abaga---shoulder
Ilong---nose
Alima---hand
Dughan---chest
Hawak---waist
Dila---tongue
Dapadapa---sole of the feet
Tudlo--fingers
Kalimutaw--eyeball
Bibig--lips

Lesson 4: Prefixes Na and Ka

Na—a verb prefix denoting past tense.

Prefix…….Root Word

Na………..Pusa……..Napusa……Broke

Na………..Pirde……..Napirde…..Lost

Na………..Lipong…...Nalipong…Lost Consciousness

Na………..Saka……..Nasaka…….Climbed up

Na………..Sueat……..Nasueat……Written

Napusa ko ro baso.

I broke the glass.

Napirde ako sa lotto.

I lost in lotto.

Nalipong si Maria.

Maria lost her consciousness.

Nasueat eon ro binaeaybay.

The poem had been written.

Nasueod sa bote ro sueat.

The letter was put inside a bottle.

Make sentences using the following verbs:

Nasaka……..Climbed

Nasueat…….Written

Napanaw……Walked

Nabasa………Read

Nakaon………Eaten

Nahambae……Talked

Naduea……….Lost

Ka-- very productive noun prefix

Prefix……..Root……English

Ka…………Anyag….Beauty

Ka…………Dueom….Darkness

Ka…………Itum…….Black

Ro kaanyag ni Ana hay bantog. The beauty of Ana is well known.

Ro kahipuson it eawod ro nagapalinong kang painoino. The calmness of the sea keeps my mind at peace.

Ro kaitum king buhok rang nailaan. I like the blackness of your hair.

Ro katam-is it atis rang gusto. I like the sweetness of atis.

Rang kasakay hay gwapa. My co-passenger is beautiful.

Ro katapusan it nobena hay sa Lunes. The last prayer will be held on Monday.

Look for five Aklanon adjectives, then add the prefix ka. From these conjugated words, write simple sentences.

Prefix………….Root……….English

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Write an Aklanon haiku using na and ka.

Other Rules on Aklanon Spelling

This is the second part of the two-part series of Rules on Aklanon Spelling. I hope that these Rules will help standardize our spelling. For comments, please post them here. Thank you. MFC.

SPELLING WITH “U” OR “O”


1.The pronoun “ko” meaning “I”, will be spelled with “o” for easy recognition. The other words will be spelled “ku”.
Example: Gin-usoy ko ro akong kaeo
Impliyado ku atong gobyerno
Rong date kaina nga ginbasa ku aton nga vice-mayor
Ku isaeang adlaw
Ku ruyon nga butang

2. The preferred spelling is for “o” to be in the final syllable of a word and the “u” to be in all other syllable. This rule does not work for Spanish and English loan words whose spelling must be memorized.

Correct ..........Incorrect

Haom .............haum
Unga ..............onga
Ruyon ............ruyun
Eon .................eun
Napan-uhan ..napan-ohan
Kunta .............konta
Ginuo .............Ginoo
Kamatuuran ..kamatuoran
Tungod ...........tungud
Inusoy ............inusuy
Kon .................kun
Hakatueugan .hakatueogan
Tunukon ........tunokon
Kuno ...............kono
Tagipusuon ....tagipusuun
Takos ..............takus

Exceptions: owa, obra (Spanish loan word), otso (Spanish), oras (Spanish)

Prefixes are another exception, the “o” in the prefix does not change to “u”:
Example: inogpahuway, manoghambae

3. Reduplication root words with hyphen. The basic form of the root word is reduplicated. So if daog is the root word, then daog-daog is the reduplicated and the “o” does not change to “u”. Eaong becomes eaong-eaong.


SPELLING WITH ‘I’ OR “E”

1. Generally speaking, I is used in Aklanon words, the vowel E is used in Spanish words.

Aklanon: siki, eaki, pag-ililiba, isig ka tawo, ginpili, siningit
Spanish: pwede, pare, kalye
Exceptions: permi, sige, pari


SPELLING WITH OTHER LETTERS

1. K is used instead of C (But C may still be used in names)

Correct................................... Incorrect

Kalibo, patik, sakop, Kristo..... Calibo, patic, sacop, Cristo

2. Gi is used instead of gui

Ginhalo, ginhugasan, Ginuo....... guinhalo, guinhugasan, Guinuo

3. Kw is used instead of que

Eskwelahan, kwarto, kwan....... esquelahan, quarto, quan

4. Dyos is the correct Aklanon spelling of God as per the Aklanon dictionary. However, the national language Pilipino spelling, Diyos, is also widely used.

Some Aklanon Spelling Rules

Spelling Rules (Courtesy of Summer Institute of Linguistics) thru Mr. and Mrs. Paul & Kris Jensen The following proposed spelling rules were developed by the Summer Institute of Linguistics. These are the conventions that SIL has followed thus far in its written Aklanon materials. The basis that was used for choosing these spelling 1. make an easy translation from the National language to Aklanon. 2. take into consideration Aklan’s historic and cultural background (particularly with reference to the Aklanon “e” sound). 3. take into consideration other studies of Aklanon and their proposed spelling rules (particularly the spelling rules proposed by Roman dela Cruz and the spelling rules proposed in the Study of the Aklanon Dialect by David Zorc, 1986) 4. provide a springboard for establishing a community consensus of what is the correct way to spell Aklanon works. 5. make it easy for the average person to spell Aklanon words. SPELLING THE AKLANON FRICATIVE SOUND ‘EA” 1. The Aklanon sound, “ea”, is spelled with the letter “e”. 2. Do not use hyphen (-) or ( - ) when writing the Aklanon “e”. Correct incorrect Nageupad nag-eupad, nagēupad USES OF THE HYPHEN (-) 1. The hyphen is not used between 2 bowels. Correct incorrect Siit, haom, kaeuoy si-it, ha-om, kaeu-oy 2. The hyphen is used between the two parts of a reduplicated word when the doubled word is two syllables in length. Examples: pahuway-huway, , kabahoe-bahoe, balik-balik 3. But a hyphen is not used with words in which the reduplicated word is only one syllable in length. Example: pangpang, kutkut, paypay, tuktuk 4. The hyphen is used when a consonant preceeds a vowel, but the vowel does not “go with” that consonant, or is not a part of the same syllable as the consonant. This hyphen represents the “sound” which the vocal chords make when there is a stoppage of air flowing through them. This is referred to as glottal stop. Example: pan-uhan, nag-adto, tan-aw 5. A hyphen is not used to separate prefixes from the root word such as: naga, gina, maka. correct ..... .....incorrect nagaadto ..... naga-adto 6. But a hyphen must be used when the prefix being added ends in a consonant and comes before a vowel. In this case the hyphen represents the glottal stop. correct .........incorrect gin-usoy....... ginausoy nag-alsa.......nagalsa tig-aeani...... tigaeni 7. A hyphen is used to indicate the glottal stop after a vowel in words such as: bi-bi, ba-ba, paino-ino, but is not indicated on the final syllables of words. correct ................ incorrect bi-bi, ba-ba......... bibi, baba 8. a hyphen is not used to separate prefixes such as taga, mangin, manog, inog, nagpa, pinaka, tag, tig, pa, ika, pang from the root word. correct .................incorrect tagaKalibo ......... .taga-Kalibo manogpanaw ...... manog-panaw nagpaJalas .......... nagpa-Jalas tagbaeay ............. tag-baeay tigsililak ........... tig-sililak ginapaobra ...........gina-paobra pangap-at ............pang-ap-at manginpari ..........mangin-pari inogpanaw ...........inog-panaw pinakamanamit ... pinaka-manamit natagtangis ..........natag-tangis tiglima ..................tig-lima ikaap-at ...............ika-ap-at 9. the hyphen is used with numbers Example: ika-4, ika-12

Aklanon Alphabets

Ak

Aklanon language has the following alphabets:

A-- /ah/

B--/bah/

K--/kah/

D--/dah/

E--/eh/

G--/gah/

H--/hah/

I--/iy/

L--/lah/

M--/mah/

N--/nah/

NG--/ngah/

O-- /oh/

U--/uw/

P--/pah/

R--/rah/

S--/sah/

T--/tah/

W--/wah/

Y-- /yah/

The other alphabets in Aklanon are as follows:

C—as in Carlos

F—as in Alfredo

J—as in John

V—as in Victoria

Z—as in Zoology

These five letters are usually used for adopted foreign words. Otherwise, the letter C is usually changed to K, while F to P, J to H, V to B, and Z, if any, is changed to S.

How To Pronunce Aklanon Words

by Melchor F. Cichon
Updated: August 21, 2007

If you can pronounce these simple words, you are an Aklanon. If not, you really need this lesson.

Try these.

But before that, pronounce first the words at the Hiligaynon column then pronounce their Aklanon equivalents.

Hiligaynon... Aklanon

Balay.......... Baeay

Kasal...........Kasae

Bongol.........Bongoe

Sugal.......... Sugae

Balo.......... Baeo

How did you find them?

Very easy, right?

But if not, do not worry.

Just follow the simple instruction that I will provide later. Very soon you will learn how to speak Aklanon as if you were a native of Aklan.

In the above examples, when you said , Balay, Kasal, Bongol, Balo and Sugal, you would have noticed that your tongue lifted up as you pronounced the letter L.

Now say Balo again.

Or just the letter L.

Now say the letter E. If you will not move or lift your tongue as you pronounce the letter E in the Aklanon column, then you will be able to pronounce the Aklanon words as if you were an Aklanon.

Did you notice the movement of your tongue?

You would also have noticed that the letter L in the above words in the Hiligaynon Column were changed to letter E in the Aklanon Column.

Generally this is the case.

The Letter L in the Hiligaynon words are changed to E.

But not always.

In Aklanon there are words that have letter L like Bala (bullet), Balete (a town in Aklan), Balde (bucket).

My theory is that the pre-Spanish Aklanon words have no letter L.

As you go along, you will notice that many Aklanon words with letter L are not native Aklanon words. Hence we have balde, bilding, bala, pusil, etc. These are all foreign words.

Introduction

This is not a grammar book on Aklanon. Just a guide on how to learn Aklanon the easy way.

This book was intended for my children who cannot speak Aklanon because they have been staying in Iloilo City and in Antique. But then I noticed that there are other people who also want to learn Aklanon, but there is no such book in the market. I hope that this book will help them, as well as promote Aklan.

This book is my legacy to my fellow Aklanons.

If you think that there are some slips in this work, please let me know. My email address is : gumamilacruz@yahoo.com—March 12, 2007; July 11, 2008

Title Page

Easy Way To Speak Aklanon

By

Melchor F. Cichon

2007